胸；马赛克
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博物馆数量
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Am1894, -.634
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标题
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系列:绿松石马赛克
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描述
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胸部，双头蛇的形状。由雪松木(Cedrela odorata)制成，覆盖着绿松石和红刺牡蛎壳(Spondylus princeps)制成的马赛克。张开的两张嘴中的牙齿是由海螺壳(Strombus)制成的。两种树脂用作粘合剂:松木树脂和Bursera树脂(copal)。在嘴部，树脂被赤铁矿染成红色。蜂蜡粘合剂在眼窝周围存活。
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生产日期
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1400 - 1521
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维
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高度:20.30厘米
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宽度:43.30厘米
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深度:5.90厘米
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馆长的评论
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Vila Llonch，在McEwan 2009年，Cat. 104, p239“纳瓦特语术语'coatl'可以翻译为蛇和双胞胎。墨西卡人认为蛇是强大的，多面生物，可以连接球体(地下世界，水和天空)，因为他们的物理和神话特征。蛇也与生育和水有关，因为它们身体的起伏运动。在墨西卡象形图中，绿松石蛇(xiuhcoatl)与天体事件有关。在墨西卡日历石上，有两盏灯陪伴着太阳每天穿越天空。双头蛇(maquizcoatl)被认为是不祥的预兆，与精英人物有关。墨西卡人认为，任何在路上发现的人都应该把它戴在胳膊上。如果蛇不能被移动，就意味着死亡即将来临。Maquizcoatl是墨西卡最高神Huitzilopochtli的名字之一。因此，在他被击败的妹妹Coyolxauhqui的纪念雕塑中出土的四只双头蛇并不是巧合。 This double-headed serpent is carved from a single piece of Spanish cedarwood (Cedrela odorata). The front of the serpent and the two heads are covered with turquoise mosaic, and the hollowed-out reverse of the body was originally gilded. The open jaws have menacing fangs made of Strombus shells, with gums and nostrils depicted using fragments of the red thorny oyster (Spondylus princeps). Both snouts are decorated with representations of feathers and a double band of turquoise and shell discs on a black background. The decoration is similar to that which appears on numerous sacrificial vessels or cuauhxicalli, perhaps linking the morbid connotations of this magical animal to the destinity of its victims. The heads may originally have featured inlaid eyes made from pyrite or obsidian, and flickering tongues might have been attached to the holes in the centre of the lower jaws to create the impression of a living creature. The two holes at the top indicate that this double-headed serpent may have been worn on the chest as a pectoral. Similar large zoomorphic effigies worn in this way are illustrated in fol. 72 of the Codex Magliabechiano depicting the earth goddess Cihuacoatl, and in fols. 9, 10 and 34 of the Codex Borbonicus. This maquizcoatl might therefore have been an insignia worn or held by an effigy of Huitzilopochtli or one of his impersonators."
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McEwan, 2009，第16页。绿松石镶嵌在木头上。米克特克-阿兹特克人，公元1400-1521年这个双头蛇的标志性形象可能代表着“天带”，象征着天国。它是一种权威的象征，也许曾经是在仪式场合佩戴或携带的一套精致的仪仗的一部分。它是用雪松木雕刻的(Cedrela odorata)，在它的底座上，有一个精巧的小切口和抛光的绿松石马赛克图案入场券采用松树脂胶粘剂。绿松石在中美洲价值很高，是由阿兹特克贸易使者获得的(pochteca)来自如今美国西南部的矿场，远远超出了阿兹特克帝国的疆界。这些瓷砖经过精心挑选，根据大小和颜色进行分级，然后铺设起来，重现蛇鳞片的微妙图案。两个蛇头的鼻子和嘴巴周围的细节都是用红刺牡蛎壳挑选出来的(Spondylus首要的)、海螺壳(strombus galeatus被用于白色牙齿，抛光的黄铁矿球可能曾经被放置在眼窝里。蓝绿色的强烈蓝绿色让人联想到Quetzalcoatl(“羽毛蛇”)，他是阿兹特克最强大的神和文化英雄之一。蛇形的意象也与其他中美洲的神有关，特别是修克托尔和特拉洛克。
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位置
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展出(G27 / dc6)
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展览的历史
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展出:1987-1994，伦敦，人类博物馆(1室)，“来自墨西哥的绿松石马赛克”2002年，伦敦，皇家学院，阿兹特克2003年，柏林，马丁-格罗皮乌斯-鲍，阿兹特克2009-2010年9月24日至1月24日，伦敦，大英帝国，蒙特祖玛:阿兹特克统治者2010-2011年，伦敦，大英帝国/BBC，“100件物品中的世界历史”
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收购日期
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1894
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收购的笔记
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欲了解更多收购细节，请参见King et al. 2012。这条蛇被博物馆登记为“已购”。克里斯蒂基金。1894年9月。1892年9月3日，新邦德街158号的埃德·约瑟夫(Ed. Joseph)先生以350英镑的价格首次向大英博物馆出售，他写道，他代表的是一位“意大利绅士”。由于价格太高(BM, P&E)，这次收购被拒绝了。1894年，第6代沃尔辛厄姆男爵(1843-1919)托马斯·德·格雷(Thomas de Grey)就购买进行了谈判，他是政治家和昆虫学家，也是大英博物馆的受托人;马西莫公爵夫人(1840-1923)，她说她只是作为中间人，大英博物馆馆长A W Franks (1826-97) q.v.和他的助手Hercules Read (1857-1929) q.v.。一些通信保存在史前和欧洲部。最初120英镑的价格被降低了，9月，英国皇家博物馆获得了这颗绿松石，作为回报，沃尔辛厄姆勋爵给了公爵夫人一张开放支票。它于1894年11月22日在古物学会展出。 Because of the confidentiality of the negotiations Franks seems to have remained unsure about the identity of the vendor. The Duchess, née Doria-Pamphilj-Landi, was married to Emilio Massimo, 3rd Duca di Rignano (1835-1907) but separated from her husband at an early stage (See Memoirs of her friend Lady (Walburga) Paget (née von Hohenthal) (d. 1929), wife of the British Ambassador Sir Augustus Berkeley Paget (1823-96), and A J C Hare (1834-1903) (Hare, 1896: 465). Lady Paget wrote with reference to the Duchess’s brothers, Prince Giovanni (1843-90) and Alfonso (1851-1914): A shocking thing has happened, poor Gianetto (Doria) died under the knife on Monday morning. All the Dorias are distracted. I am told Alfonso has been left very little, everything goes to his son, because he is such a spendthrift. For poor Duchess Massimo, who is completely ruined, it is a fearful blow, as he helped her much (Paget, 1928: 489-90). In the copy of Hercules Read’s paper (1895) in the BM’s Department of Prehistory & Europe the two references to the serpent, which mention its source as “an old collection in Rome”, (389, 397) have been annotated in manuscript “Prince Massimo”. The annotation may be by Read, but whether he had obtained confirmation of the provenance or was still guessing is not now known. It has usually been assumed that the serpent could have come from the Massimo family but, given the failure of the Duchess’s marriage, one might now speculate that the source could have been the Dorias. Or perhaps it was a family whose name is not recorded. See M Caygill, ‘Henry Christy, A W Franks and the British Museum’s turquoise mosaics’ in King et al (eds) Turquoise in Mexico and North America: Science, Conservation, Culture and Collections (2012) Read, H. (1895). “On an ancient Mexican Head-piece, coated with Mosaic,” Archaeologia LIV, II: 383-98.
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部门
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非洲，大洋洲和美洲
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注册号
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Am1894, -.634
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额外的id
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CDMS号码:Am1894C3.634(旧CDMS编号。)
